The best grape varieties

There are more than 3000 varieties of grapes, but not every one of them can please with a good harvest, noble taste, presentation, ease of care. We have collected only good types that can be eaten raw or used for making wine, juices, compotes, raisins. The rating of the best grape varieties includes representatives of both the canteen and the technical group. Having carefully studied their descriptions, you can choose the most successful option for the Moscow region, the Central strip or the south of Russia.

Description of grape varieties

Each of the presented types has a good taste, a good harvest, and undemanding growing conditions and care. All of them can be grown by both professional winegrowers and novice specialists.

The TOP-10 best varieties of berries include:

• Arcadia - table type, which is the carrier of the genes of the Cardinal and Moldova. It belongs to the early and matures in the period from 115 to 125 days. Bushes - medium to vigorous. Berry cultivation is widespread in Central Russia due to frost resistance, including in the Urals.
• Oval white kishmish - it is distinguished by small, neat, pale green berries. Their characteristic feature lies in the absence of developed seeds and in the presence of a thin skin, which is practically not felt when fresh fruits are consumed.
• Pinot noir - a technical type of grapes cultivated for the preparation of elite wines. It is grown in France, Italy, Spain, America. By morphological differences and biological characteristics, it is close to the ecological-geographical group from Western Europe.
• Baikonur - has a specific appearance: the berries are elongated, with a pointed end. Its key advantages: normal reaction to low temperatures and resistance to heat, also in the absence of a high level of moisture, the fruit does not wrinkle and retains a sweet taste.
• Riesling - outwardly, this species looks like a white raisin, but its green color is paler, and the berries are much larger. Their shape is the same round. Most often, they are used to produce environmentally friendly dietary juices, dry, sparkling and strong wines. It grows in Bulgaria, France, Italy and several other countries.
• Cabernet Sauvignon - one of the most popular types among winemakers, belonging to the technical group. It comes from France, and is cultivated in Bulgaria, Romania, USA and many other countries of the world. Cabernet Sauvignon perfectly resists various pests: gray rot, grape leafworm, etc.
• In memory of Negrul - interesting because of its presentation and excellent keeping quality, which allows it to be successfully grown for mass sales. However, it is better not to use this grape variety in large quantities for patients with diabetes due to the high concentration of sugars in the fruit - 14.3%.
• Isabel - the most scandalous type in the rating, which has long been banned for growing for commercial purposes in the EU. The reason for the notoriety was the allegedly high concentration of methanol in the composition. However, it remains popular in private vineyards due to its unpretentious care and lack of the need for pesticide treatment.
• Transformation - a hybrid obtained by combining the genes of Radiant Kishmish and Talisman.It is valuable because of its early ripening period of 110-125 days. The berries are distinguished by their richness and excellent presentation.
• Original - this name fully corresponds to the type of fruit: pink color, large size, elongated shape with a flattened end, a beautiful bunch. It is grown both for itself and for sale. The fruits are quite fleshy and juicy.

The best cultivators

How did we choose

To prepare the TOP, we studied many reviews of experienced winegrowers and numerous characteristics of varieties - from keeping quality to the taste of berries.

Here's what exactly became the focus of attention:

• Variety - white, black, pink, wine, red;
• Ripening terms - early, middle, late;
• Weight and size of bunches;
• The diameter and shape of the berries;
• Fruit taste and juiciness;
• Peel density;
• Sugar content;
• Acidity;
• Need for care;
• Frost resistance;
• Resistance to various pests;
• Type - non-covering or requires protection with a film;
• Productivity;
• Breeding method;
• Rootstock compatibility;
• Rooting of cuttings.
• Requirements for the climatic conditions of growth;

Also, when selecting good varieties, we paid attention to their type - table or technical. The scope of their application was also taken into account - eating raw, making raisins, producing juices, wines, champagne.

The best dryers for vegetables and fruits

The best white grape varieties

This type is consumed raw, used for making juice, raisins, white wine. The berries are pale green, almost white, oval or round in shape. It is often cultivated for sale. We present 2 of the best grape varieties according to wine growers' reviews, which are selected for their juicy pulp, delicate taste and excellent keeping quality.

Arcadia

This table variety, originally from Ukraine, is obtained by crossing the known species "Moldova" and "Cardinal". It is an early type and matures 115-125 days in August. The plant has large clusters weighing from 500 g to 2 kg. Arcadia's berries are oval, white, fleshy and juicy, weighing from 9 to 16 g. The skin is dense, but not hard and sweetish. The fruits have a slight nutmeg flavor.

"Arcadia" easily adapts to different growing conditions, so it can be planted not only in the south of Russia. The seedlings are unpretentious to care for and can withstand frosts down to -22 degrees Celsius. Cuttings root well and give a strong root system. There are two types of pruning of bushes - short and long. Ripe fruits lie for a long time and are distinguished by good transportability, therefore, they are especially relevant for sale.

Advantages

• Medium disease resistance;
• Delicious juice;
• High productivity;
• Low acidity - 4-6 g / l;
• Shoots ripen perfectly.

disadvantages

• Sensitive to oversupply of fertilizers;
• With elevated or excessively dry soil, the fruit may crack.

The reviews say that on average, the number of fruiting shoots is 55-75%, and the fertility rate is at the level of 1.1-1.5.

Oval white kishmish

The grape "Kishmish oval white" has many synonyms - Sultanina, Avtoby, Murray River Pino, etc. It comes from the countries of the Middle East and Central Asia, is the result of a kidney mutation of representatives of the eastern ecological-geographical group. The bushes are large and the shoots ripen well, but to increase the size of the berries, it is still recommended to use gibberellin after the ovary appears.

Oval white raisins have no or underdeveloped seeds, which is why they are often chosen. The thin, transparent skin, which is easy to chew, has made a good reputation for this species. The berries are quite sweet due to the sugar content of 22-30% and the acidity of 6 g / l. On average, 160 days pass from the moment the buds open until they ripen. It is valuable because of a good yield of 100-200 c / ha, but for this, agricultural technology must be at a high level.

Kishmish's clusters are medium in size and weigh about 230 g. Fruits are small, oval in shape, with fleshy pulp. They are used both fresh and used for harvesting white raisins, making bedon, soyag, golden sabza. Sultanina has proven itself well, in particular, because of its excellent keeping quality and problem-free transportability. Therefore, in the description of the variety, it should be mentioned that it is best suited for sale.

Advantages

• Frost-resistant - withstands temperatures up to -22 ° С;
• Undemanding to soil;
• Easy to trim;
• Good compatibility with rootstocks;
• Excellent rooting rate of cuttings;

disadvantages

• Not very high resistance to pests and fungal diseases.

Due to its high yield and presentation, this grape is often grown for sale.

The best red grapes

Raisins and red wine are most often made from such grapes. It can be sweet and sour, depending on the amount of sugars in the berries. Most often, there are several seeds inside the fruit. This rating included the most delicious, picky and beautiful varieties.

Pinot noir

The red technical grade Pinot Noir is primarily grown for the production of wines and juices. It was bred in Burgundy and became widespread in all wine countries of the world: Italy, Australia, New Zealand. This species is also known as blauburgunder, noirien and spätburgunder. Grapes are not easy to cultivate, which is why they are most often planted by professional winemakers.

Pinot noir has small or medium-sized clusters (length - about 10 cm, width - about 7 cm), cylindrical-conical shape. The diameter of the berry is approximately 15 mm. Their skin is very dense, the flesh is tender and juicy, the juice is almost colorless. The fruits are almost black, with a pronounced sweet taste and contain only 2-3 not very hard seeds.

Pinot noir has a long growing season - on average, berries ripen in 141-151 days. The crop can be harvested around the end of September. The bushes grow well and the vine ripens quickly enough - by the time the fruits ripen, this process is completed by 85-90%. A fruitful shoot gives about 1.4-1.9 bunches, and a developed one - about 0.9.

Advantages

• Average sugar content of the juice - 21.4 g / 100 ml;
• Early maturation;
• Decent productivity;
• Calmly tolerates low temperatures;
• Strong taste.

disadvantages

• Acidier of similar varieties in the rating;
• Sensitive to planting conditions;
• Not very good response to flat terrain.

Pinot noir is rarely combined with other varieties to make wines, but sometimes it is combined with Chardonnay and Pinot gris in champagne.

Baikonur

A hybrid variety "Baikonur" obtained by crossing Beauty and Talisman. It ripens one of the first in the ranking - in early August. Bushes grow actively. The bunches are of medium density and rather large - weighing 500-1000 g. The berries are almost purple, elongated, large, weighing about 11 g. Basically, they are eaten raw or used to prepare raisins.

The fruits of Baikonur have a dense skin, so they are often consumed without it. Their taste is strong and harmonious, the pulp is quite sweet and juicy. This grape variety behaves better at low temperatures, for example, in the Moscow region. The bushes give good yields both in warm climates and in Central Russia due to their resistance to frost.

Advantages

• Excellent transportability;
• High resistance to fungal diseases;
• Beautiful, presentation;
• Fruits do not spoil for a long time when stored in the refrigerator;
• Smells good.

disadvantages

• Requires careful care;
• They have a weakness for fertilizers.

Experienced summer residents note in reviews that the bushes of this grape have an average immunity to gray rot, oidium, mildew.

The best grape varieties for wine

Alcoholic drinks are made mainly from technical grape varieties.Canteens can also be used for this, but mostly at home, to get small batches of wine or champagne. Often, several types of culture are combined within one composition. Next, we will focus on two of the most popular types of berries among winemakers that are cultivated around the world.

Riesling

White grapes from the technical group "Riesling" have many names - Lipka, Nederlands, Gewurztraube and a number of others. It was first discovered on the banks of the Rhine River in Germany, and today it is widely cultivated in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and other countries. Since its yield is not the highest (87% of fruitful shoots), it is not very profitable to grow it for the production of large quantities of wine.

Riesling ripens, like most grapes, at the beginning of the third decade of September. On average, it takes him from 148 to 160 days, the warmer, the better the process is. The bunch of bushes is small or medium in size: width - about 7 cm, length - about 9 cm, weight - around 100 g. The diameter of the berry is 11-15 mm, it has a rounded shape and a thin, strong skin. Inside is juicy pulp and 2-4 small seeds.

Advantages

• Late opening of eyes;
• Mold improves the composition;
• Fruit ripening continues until the last months of autumn;
• Varietal individuality;
• Excellent winter tolerance;
• Suitable not only for making wine.

disadvantages

• Not very resistant to rot and powdery mildew;
• Susceptible to bacterial cancer;
• A peculiar taste;
• Shedding of flowers is possible.

A berry that has suffered from noble rot loses a lot of moisture, as a result of which the content of sugars and aromatic substances increases in the composition.

Cabernet Sauvignon

It is one of the most popular and best grape varieties for the production of red wines. It is a cross between Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Franc. Until 1990, this species was the leader in terms of cultivation in the world, until it was bypassed by Merlot. The bushes are unpretentious to care for and grow in completely different climatic conditions, so beginners in winemaking often take up their cultivation.

Cabernet Sauvignon is relatively frost-resistant, but it is intended primarily for growing in warm temperate climates due to its late ripening. It produces a very tart wine with a rich taste due to the high concentration of tannins in the composition. It is characterized by the original taste and aroma of black currant. It has a high alcohol content, which is why this variety is often mixed with others, softer.

Advantages

• Noble taste;
• Pleasant aroma;
• After drinking wine based on it, you don't have a headache;
• Neat fruits;
• The berries practically do not crumble.

disadvantages

• Not very suitable for growing in Siberia.

Growers believe that for effective cultivation of these grapes, it is better to choose flat clayey areas with excellent drainage or exposed on hills.

The best black grape varieties

Grapes are called black because of the dark berries of a deep purple color. The more ripe it is, the stronger this shade. This variety is very popular for cultivation for the production of wine on a large scale, as well as for the preparation of raisins. In this TOP category, the most productive and tasty varieties are described.

In memory of Negrul

The variety "Memory of Negrul" significantly differs from its analogues in its oval shape and very dark, almost black color. It is characterized by large, strong, heavy clusters weighing about 320 g and measuring about 20x12 cm. They are quite beautiful and retain their presentation for a long time. This grape contains a lot of sugars - 14.3%, so it should be used with caution by patients with diabetes.

The yield of the variety is decent - 105 centners per hectare, and it can be improved even more with the development of agricultural technology. Ripe berries are soft and juicy, but their taste is not original.Their size is approximately 3x1.9 cm, and their weight is 5-7 g. In memory of Negrul, it belongs to the table varieties intended primarily for consumption raw.

Advantages

• Increased resistance to gray mold and other parasites;
• Excellent winter resistance;
• High density;
• Fruits almost never crack;
• No sour taste.

disadvantages

• When pruning, it needs a more active load with eyes.

In general, Pamyati Negrul has good taste and is not particularly demanding in care, therefore it is suitable for cultivation in dachas by amateurs.

Isabel

We present an American hybrid cultivar, bred by crossing two species - Vitis Vinifer and Vitis Labruska. He is also known in the world as Fragola and Albany Surprise. This crop is cultivated in Bali, Brazil, Japan, Russia. It is thermophilic and feels great in high air temperatures. This grape perfectly resists various pests, including demonic phylloxera. Thanks to this, the bushes do not need to be treated with pesticides.

Isabella has a good yield, while it does not really need fertilizing. Despite the fact that it is a table grape, it produces quite tasty wine and juice. However, on a commercial scale, the production of such drinks is unprofitable and is even prohibited in the EU. Most often, wine is made from it at home, for yourself.

Advantages

• Non-covering;
• The peel easily leaves the pulp;
• Juicy;
• Soft.

disadvantages

• Late ripening.

In Russia, "Isabella" is cultivated in Dagestan and the Krasnodar Territory. However, it can grow freely in Siberia, Moscow region, Chernozem region, Volgograd and Rostov regions.

The best pink grape varieties

This is the most interesting berry, the color of which is at the junction of white and black. They can be eaten fresh, used to dry raisins or juice. Sometimes they make wine. For these purposes, the 2 varieties described below are best suited.

Transformation

The new variety "Preobrazhenie" is another hybrid in the ranking, created by the breeder V. N. Krainov. It was obtained by crossing two independent species "Radiant Kishmish" and "Talisman". The plant boasts an early maturity, about 110-125 days. It belongs to the group of table grapes intended for consumption mainly fresh.

The bunch of "Transfiguration" is cylindrical-conical or conical, weighing from 0.7 to 1.5 kg. The berries are convex, oval, elongated, pink in color, weighing about 15 g and measuring about 36x24 mm. Their characteristic features are juiciness, light waxy bloom and slight acidity, while the acidity level of the fruit is relatively low - 6-8 g / l. The pulp contains a large amount of juice and a lot of sugar - up to 19%, so this grape variety is best suited for making juice and compote.

Advantages

• Average resistance to fungal infections;
• Ease of adaptation to weather changes;
• Good frost resistance - up to -23C °;
• Picky about soil quality;
• Simplicity of care.

disadvantages

• Not very well protected from parasites.

Successful cultivation of "Transfiguration" requires good lighting and no trees nearby.

Original

The grape in question is a table grape and belongs to the medium-late ripening. The fruits ripen at about 135-145 days. The bushes grow well and form large vines. The bunches weigh about 600 g and are tapered. Berries are mainly consumed fresh, sometimes used to make preserves, jams, compotes. They are distinguished by their large size (30x22 mm), elongated ovoid shape, and strong skin.

The "Original" variety is quite fruitful - 65-80% with a coefficient of 1.2-1.7. But for this, the vines need to be cut into 8-12 eyes.His yield is average, although the grapes resist rot, mildew, mildew well, and is well preserved in frost. He loves care and requires a high level of agricultural technology.

Advantages

• Strong growth of bushes;
• Good maturity of shoots;
• Productivity - 120 centners per hectare;
• Brushes have a presentation;
• The berries are juicy.

disadvantages

• There is a lot of unripe stepchildren's harvest.

According to reviews, its flesh is slightly liquid and the peel is practically not felt when biting into a berry.

Which grape variety is better

For planting for the purpose of eating fresh berries, preparing compote and juice for themselves, table grapes are usually planted. Those who are professionally engaged in winemaking are advised to pay attention to the representatives of the technical group, who have been specially selected for obtaining wine, champagne, and raisins on a commercial scale.

Here's what grape variety is good for different conditions:

• Arcadia, Baikonur, Riesling are excellent for growing in Central Russia.
• In the south of the Russian Federation (Krasnodar Territory and Dagestan), you can cultivate oval white Kishmish, Cabernet Sauvignon, Memory of Negrul, Transfiguration.
• In the Moscow region, Original, Isabella and Pinot noir have proven themselves to be excellent.

In order not to get confused in such a wide variety of grape varieties, carefully study their description and characteristics, read the reviews of winegrowers and winemakers, determine the goals of cultivation, and only then make your choice.